What are the specifications and models of diamond drill bits?

Detailed view of spiral metal drill bits used in precision machining and metalworking.

An In-Depth Guide to Specifications, Models, and Brands of Diamond Drill Bits

Diamond drill bits are specialized cutting tools that leverage the extreme hardness of diamond—ranked 10 on the Mohs scale—to drill through hard, brittle materials such as concrete, granite, glass, ceramic, and stone. Their unique performance makes them indispensable in industries ranging from construction and geological exploration to home renovation and precision manufacturing. To fully understand their functionality and choose the right tool for specific tasks, it is critical to examine their specifications, model classifications, and leading brands with detailed model breakdowns. This guide provides a comprehensive overview, covering technical details, application-based model categorization, and in-depth brand and model analyses to meet the needs of both professionals and DIY enthusiasts.

1. Specifications of Diamond Drill Bits

The specifications of diamond drill bits directly determine their compatibility with materials, drilling efficiency, and lifespan. These specifications encompass size, material composition, structural design, and performance metrics, each tailored to address the challenges of drilling different substrates.

1.1 Size Specifications

Size is one of the most fundamental specifications, as it dictates the diameter of the hole drilled, the depth of penetration, and compatibility with drilling tools (e.g., 手电 drills, impact drills, core drilling machines). Sizes vary widely across applications, with key parameters including diameter, overall length (OAL), and working length (WL)—the portion of the bit that contacts the material during drilling.
  • Diameter Range:
    • For home renovation (glass, ceramic, small concrete holes): 1mm–20mm. Common sizes include 3mm (for small glass crafts), 6mm (for tile mounting), and 10mm (for concrete anchor holes).
    • For construction (concrete walls, brick): 10mm–50mm. Sizes like 12mm (electrical conduit holes), 16mm (plumbing pipe holes), and 20mm (curtain rod anchors) are widely used.
    • For geological exploration (rock sampling): 50mm–300mm. Larger diameters (e.g., 100mm, 150mm, 200mm) are used to extract cylindrical rock cores for mineral analysis.
    • For stone processing (granite countertops, marble slabs): 10mm–100mm. Sizes such as 20mm (sink cutouts) and 30mm (faucet holes) are standard.
  • Overall Length (OAL):
    • Handheld tool-compatible bits (手电钻 / 冲击钻): 50mm–200mm. Shorter lengths (50mm–100mm) are ideal for shallow holes in tiles or glass, while longer lengths (150mm–200mm) suit deeper holes in concrete walls.
    • Stationary machine-compatible bits (台钻 / 核心钻机): 200mm–2000mm. Core drilling bits for thick concrete walls or geological exploration often exceed 500mm to achieve deep penetration.
  • Working Length (WL):Typically 50%–70% of the overall length, the working length determines the maximum depth of a single drill pass. For example, a bit with an OAL of 150mm and WL of 90mm can drill holes up to 90mm deep without repositioning.
Size selection is guided by two key factors: the required hole diameter for the task (e.g., a 12mm hole for a 10mm anchor bolt) and the thickness of the material (e.g., a 200mm WL for a 150mm-thick concrete wall). Using a bit with insufficient WL leads to frequent tool changes, while an overly long bit may cause vibration and reduce drilling accuracy.

1.2 Material Specifications

The materials used in diamond drill bits—specifically the diamond type and matrix (bond) material—define their hardness, wear resistance, and suitability for different substrates.
  • Diamond Type:Diamond is the core cutting element, and its type (natural vs. synthetic) impacts performance and cost:
    • Natural Diamond: Extremely hard (Vickers hardness ~10,000 HV) and rare, making it suitable for ultra-hard materials like synthetic sapphire or diamond itself. Due to high costs, natural diamond bits are limited to specialized industries (e.g., semiconductor manufacturing) and are rarely used in general construction.
    • Synthetic Diamond: The most common type, produced via High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) or Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) methods. HPHT diamonds (used in 90% of general-purpose bits) have hardness comparable to natural diamonds (Vickers ~8,000–9,000 HV) and are cost-effective. CVD diamonds, with a more uniform structure, are used in precision applications like glass or ceramic drilling where smooth cuts are critical.
  • Matrix (Bond) Material:The matrix is the metal alloy that holds diamond particles in place. Its hardness and wear rate must match the material being drilled—softer matrices for hard materials (to expose new diamonds as the matrix wears) and harder matrices for soft materials (to prevent excessive matrix wear):
    • Copper-Based Matrix: Soft (Brinell hardness ~80–120 HB) with excellent thermal conductivity. Ideal for drilling glass, ceramic, and porcelain, as it avoids cracking fragile materials and dissipates heat quickly. Brands like Dremel and Bosch use copper-based matrices in their glass/tile bits.
    • Iron-Based Matrix: Hard (Brinell ~150–250 HB) and wear-resistant. Suitable for concrete, granite, and hard stone, as it withstands abrasive materials. DeWalt and Hilti use iron-based matrices in their construction-grade bits.
    • Cobalt-Iron Alloy Matrix: A hybrid with high toughness and wear resistance (Brinell ~200–300 HB). Designed for reinforced concrete (with steel bars) or geological exploration, where bits may encounter sudden impacts. Hilti’s TE-C X series and Milwaukee’s Red Helix bits use this matrix.
    • Tungsten Carbide-Reinforced Matrix: The hardest option (Brinell ~300–400 HB), reinforced with tungsten carbide particles. Used in core drilling bits for thick concrete walls or hard rock, as it resists extreme wear. Atlas Copco and Boart Longyear rely on this matrix for industrial-grade bits.
  • Diamond Concentration:Defined as the weight of diamond particles per cubic centimeter of matrix (measured as a percentage, e.g., 50%, 75%, 100%), concentration affects cutting speed and durability:
    • Low concentration (40%–50%): For soft materials (glass, ceramic). Fewer diamonds reduce friction and prevent chipping.
    • Medium concentration (70%–80%): For medium-hard materials (concrete, brick). Balances cutting speed and matrix wear.
    • High concentration (90%–100%): For hard materials (granite, reinforced concrete). More diamonds maintain cutting performance as the matrix wears.

1.3 Structural Specifications

The structural design of a diamond drill bit determines how it interacts with the material, how debris is removed, and whether it requires cooling. The four most common structures are impregnated, surface-set, brazed, and plated, each optimized for specific tasks.
  • Impregnated Diamond Drill Bits:Diamond particles are uniformly embedded (impregnated) throughout the matrix. As the matrix wears down during drilling, new diamond particles are continuously exposed, ensuring consistent cutting performance. This structure is ideal for hard, abrasive materials like granite, basalt, and reinforced concrete. Key features include:
    • No visible diamond particles on the surface (unlike surface-set bits).
    • Requires cooling (wet or dry) to prevent matrix overheating.
    • Common in geological exploration (core sampling) and construction (hard concrete drilling). Examples include Bosch’s Professional Impregnated series and Boart Longyear’s XL series.
  • Surface-Set Diamond Drill Bits:Diamond particles are bonded to the surface of the matrix (usually via electroplating or brazing), creating a sharp, aggressive cutting edge. Surface-set bits have fast initial cutting speeds but wear faster as surface diamonds are dulled or lost. They are suitable for medium-hard materials like limestone, brick, and soft concrete. Key features include:
    • Visible diamond particles on the cutting surface.
    • Lower diamond concentration (50%–70%) compared to impregnated bits.
    • Used in construction (shallow concrete holes) and mining (soft rock drilling). Examples include Hilti’s Surface-Set TE-C bits and Ridgid’s R2200 series.
  • Brazed Diamond Drill Bits:Diamond segments (small blocks of diamond-reinforced matrix) are brazed to a steel shank using high-temperature welding (800–1000°C). This creates a strong bond that resists impact and vibration, making brazed bits suitable for thick materials or high-speed drilling. Key features include:
    • Thick diamond segments (3–5mm) for deep drilling.
    • Excellent debris removal (via gaps between segments).
    • Used in stone processing (granite countertops) and core drilling (concrete walls). Examples include DeWalt’s DWA4526 and Park Industries’ DiamondMax series.
  • Plated Diamond Drill Bits:A thin layer of diamond particles (0.1–0.5mm) is electroplated onto a steel or brass shank. Plated bits have high precision and a smooth cutting edge, making them ideal for fragile materials like glass, semiconductor wafers, and ceramic. Key features include:
    • Thin profile (no bulky matrix), suitable for small-diameter holes (1mm–10mm).
    • Requires low RPM (500–1500) to avoid cracking materials.
    • Used in DIY projects (glass crafts) and electronics manufacturing. Examples include Dremel’s 561 and Irwin’s Glass Drill Bit series.

1.4 Performance Specifications

Performance specifications quantify a bit’s efficiency, durability, and operational requirements, ensuring it meets the demands of specific tasks. Key metrics include recommended RPM, drilling depth capacity, cooling type, and durability (drill life).
  • Recommended RPM (Rotations Per Minute):RPM directly affects cutting speed and bit lifespan—too high RPM causes overheating, while too low RPM reduces efficiency. RPM ranges are material-dependent:
    • Glass/Ceramic: 500–1500 RPM (low RPM to prevent cracking).
    • Concrete/Brick: 1000–2500 RPM (medium RPM for balanced cutting).
    • Granite/Natural Stone: 1500–3000 RPM (high RPM for hard materials).
    • Reinforced Concrete: 800–1800 RPM (lower RPM to avoid damaging diamonds on steel bars).
  • Drilling Depth Capacity:Determined by working length and tool compatibility:
    • Handheld drills: Up to 200mm (shallow holes for anchors or fixtures).
    • Stationary core drills: Up to 2000mm (deep holes for pipes or ducts).
    • Geological drills: Up to 10,000mm (for deep rock sampling).
  • Cooling Type:Diamond bits generate significant heat during drilling, so cooling is critical to prevent diamond degradation and matrix wear. Two main cooling types:
    • Dry Drilling: Uses built-in heat sinks (e.g., copper fins) or lubricant pads to dissipate heat. Suitable for shallow holes in glass, ceramic, or indoor concrete (where water is impractical). Examples include Bosch’s Glass & Tile Dry bits and DeWalt’s DW6643.
    • Wet Drilling: Requires water or coolant to flush debris and cool the bit. Mandatory for deep holes in hard materials (granite, reinforced concrete) and extends bit life by 50%–100% compared to dry drilling. Examples include Hilti’s DCD core bits and Milwaukee’s Red Helix Wet bits.
  • Durability (Drill Life):Measured by the number of holes drilled or total drilling distance before the bit dulls. Durability varies by material and bit quality:
    • Glass (φ5mm holes): 100–200 holes (plated bits).
    • Concrete (φ10mm holes): 50–100 holes (iron-based matrix bits).
    • Granite (φ10mm holes): 30–50 holes (high-concentration impregnated bits).
    • Reinforced Concrete (φ12mm holes): 20–40 holes (cobalt-iron matrix bits).

2. Classification of Diamond Drill Bit Models by Application

Diamond drill bits are categorized by application to simplify selection, as different tasks require unique combinations of size, material, and structure. Below is a breakdown of models by key application areas, including their features, typical sizes, and leading brand examples.

2.1 Models for Construction & Renovation

Construction and renovation tasks (drilling concrete, brick, masonry) demand bits that are durable, impact-resistant, and compatible with impact drills or hammer drills. These models typically have iron-based or cobalt-iron matrices, medium-to-high diamond concentration (70%–90%), and hexagonal or SDS shanks for secure chuck grip.
  • Key Features:
    • Impact resistance (to handle hammer drill operation).
    • Debris grooves (to expel concrete dust).
    • Dual wet/dry cooling (flexibility for indoor/outdoor use).
  • Typical Sizes:Diameter: 6mm–50mm; Overall Length: 80mm–200mm. Common models include 10mm (anchor holes), 12mm (electrical), 16mm (plumbing), and 20mm (large fixtures).
  • Leading Models:
    • Bosch Professional HDG10 (φ10mm, iron-based matrix, 75% concentration).
    • Hilti TE-C 5/16 (φ8mm, cobalt-iron matrix, SDS shank).
    • DeWalt DW5470 (φ12mm, hexagonal shank, wet/dry cooling).

2.2 Models for Geological Exploration

Geological exploration requires bits that can drill deep into hard rock (granite, basalt) to extract core samples for mineral or oil/gas analysis. These models (called “core bits”) have large diameters, long working lengths, and ultra-durable matrices (tungsten carbide-reinforced or cobalt-iron).
  • Key Features:
    • Hollow design (to capture rock cores).
    • Thick matrix (resists wear in deep drilling).
    • Threaded shanks (compatible with core drilling machines).
  • Typical Sizes:Diameter: 50mm–300mm; Overall Length: 500mm–2000mm. Common models include 100mm (standard core sampling), 150mm (large core samples), and 200mm (deep exploration).
  • Leading Models:
    • Boart Longyear XL 150 (φ150mm, tungsten carbide matrix, 100% concentration).
    • Atlas Copco RD30 (φ80mm, cobalt-iron matrix, 90% concentration).
    • Schramm GEO 100 (φ100mm, impregnated design, wet cooling).

2.3 Models for Stone Processing

Stone processing (granite countertops, marble slabs) requires bits that produce smooth, chip-free holes for sinks, faucets, or decorative elements. These models use brazed or impregnated structures, copper-iron matrices (for balance), and medium diamond concentration (75%–85%).
  • Key Features:
    • Smooth cutting edges (to avoid stone chipping).
    • Precision machining (for accurate hole placement).
    • Wet cooling (to maintain cut quality).
  • Typical Sizes:Diameter: 10mm–100mm; Overall Length: 120mm–500mm. Common models include 20mm (sink holes), 30mm (faucet holes), and 50mm (decorative cuts).
  • Leading Models:
    • Park Industries DiamondMax 20 (φ20mm, brazed segments, 80% concentration).
    • Alpha Tools CeramicPro 30 (φ30mm, copper-iron matrix, wet cooling).
    • Tenax Diamond Drill Bit 15 (φ15mm, impregnated design, precision cuts).

2.4 Models for Glass & Ceramic Processing

Glass and ceramic are fragile, so bits for these materials must be gentle yet effective. They use plated or copper-based matrix structures, low diamond concentration (40%–50%), and small diameters to prevent cracking.
  • Key Features:
    • Soft matrix (copper or brass) to avoid material damage.
    • Thin profile (for small holes).
    • Dry cooling (with lubricant pads) for indoor use.
  • Typical Sizes:Diameter: 1mm–12mm; Overall Length: 30mm–100mm. Common models include 3mm (glass crafts), 6mm (tile mounting), and 8mm (shower fixtures).
  • Leading Models:
    • Dremel 561 (φ3mm, plated diamond, 40% concentration).
    • Bosch Glass & Tile Drill Bit 6 (φ6mm, copper matrix, dry cooling).
    • Irwin Glass Drill Bit 8 (φ8mm, wet cooling, smooth cuts).

3. Leading Brands and Their Diamond Drill Bit Models

The global diamond drill bit market is dominated by brands that combine innovation, quality, and application-specific design. Below is an in-depth analysis of 10 leading brands, including their history, technical advantages, and flagship models with detailed specifications, applications, and user benefits.

3.1 Bosch (Germany)

Founded in 1886, Bosch is a pioneer in power tools and accessories, renowned for its durable, high-performance diamond bits. The brand’s key technologies include Sintered Diamond Technology (for strong diamond-matrix bonding) and Cooling Grooves (for efficient heat dissipation). Bosch’s bits cater to both professionals and DIYers, with a focus on versatility and reliability.

Flagship Models:

  1. Bosch Professional HDG10
    • Specifications: Diameter: 10mm; Overall Length: 100mm; Working Length: 60mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (6mm); Matrix Material: Iron-based; Diamond Concentration: 75%; Recommended RPM: 1500–2500; Applicable Materials: Concrete, Brick, Stone; Cooling Type: Wet/Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Ideal for drilling anchor holes in concrete walls (e.g., for shelves, curtain rods) or brick walls (for outdoor lighting). Compatible with most impact drills and 手电 drills, making it a top choice for electricians and DIY renovators.
    • Advantages: The iron-based matrix resists wear in abrasive concrete, while the 75% diamond concentration balances cutting speed and durability. The hexagonal shank prevents slipping in the chuck, improving safety, and the dual cooling system works for both indoor (dry) and outdoor (wet) projects. Users report drilling 60–80 φ10mm concrete holes before dulling.
  2. Bosch Professional HDG20
    • Specifications: Diameter: 20mm; Overall Length: 150mm; Working Length: 100mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (8mm); Matrix Material: Iron-based; Diamond Concentration: 85%; Recommended RPM: 1000–2000; Applicable Materials: Heavy Concrete, Granite, Natural Stone; Cooling Type: Wet (Mandatory); Packaging: 1pc/box with a storage case.
    • Applications: Designed for heavy-duty tasks like drilling large holes in granite countertops (for sinks) or concrete foundations (for pipes). Used by professional stonemasons and construction contractors who need consistent performance in tough materials.
    • Advantages: Higher diamond concentration (85%) speeds up cutting in granite, reducing drilling time by 30% compared to standard bits. The 100mm working length allows deep holes without repositioning, and mandatory wet cooling extends lifespan by 50% (up to 40–50 granite holes). The storage case protects the bit from damage during transport.
  3. Bosch Glass & Tile Drill Bit 6
    • Specifications: Diameter: 6mm; Overall Length: 60mm; Working Length: 30mm; Shank Type: Round (3mm); Matrix Material: Copper-based; Diamond Concentration: 50%; Recommended RPM: 500–1200; Applicable Materials: Glass, Ceramic, Porcelain Tile; Cooling Type: Dry (with Built-in Heat Sink); Packaging: 2pcs/blister card.
    • Applications: Perfect for DIY projects like installing bathroom tiles (drilling holes for towel bars) or creating decorative holes in glass vases. No water required, making it safe for indoor use near surfaces like wood or drywall.
    • Advantages: The copper-based matrix is soft enough to avoid cracking glass, while the 50% diamond concentration provides gentle cutting. The built-in heat sink dissipates heat during dry drilling, preventing thermal shock. The 2-pack value makes it ideal for home users, and compatibility with standard 手电 drills means no special tools are needed.

3.2 Hilti (Switzerland)

Established in 1941, Hilti specializes in construction tools and accessories, with diamond bits known for innovation and durability. Key technologies include Laser Welding (for strong diamond-segment bonding) and Diamond Segmentation (for efficient debris removal). Hilti’s bits are designed for professional use, with a focus on reinforced concrete and heavy-duty drilling.

Flagship Models:

  1. Hilti TE-C 5/16
    • Specifications: Diameter: 8mm (5/16 inch); Overall Length: 85mm; Working Length: 45mm; Shank Type: Round (SDS-Plus); Matrix Material: Cobalt-iron alloy; Diamond Concentration: 70%; Recommended RPM: 1200–2200; Applicable Materials: Concrete, Masonry, Light Stone; Cooling Type: Wet/Dry; Packaging: 1pc/cardboard sleeve.
    • Applications: Used for general concrete drilling tasks like installing anchors for shelves or drilling holes for electrical cables. Popular among electricians and carpenters due to compatibility with Hilti’s SDS-Plus drills and other brand SDS chucks.
    • Advantages: The cobalt-iron alloy matrix combines iron’s wear resistance with cobalt’s toughness, making it suitable for mixed materials (concrete + small stones). Laser welding ensures the diamond segment never detaches during high-impact drilling. The SDS-Plus shank allows 10-second bit changes, improving work efficiency—critical for professional contractors. Users report drilling 70–90 concrete holes before needing replacement.
  2. Hilti TE-C X 1/2
    • Specifications: Diameter: 12mm (1/2 inch); Overall Length: 120mm; Working Length: 70mm; Shank Type: Round (SDS-Plus); Matrix Material: High-carbon steel + diamond; Diamond Concentration: 90%; Recommended RPM: 800–1800; Applicable Materials: Reinforced Concrete, Hard Granite, Basalt; Cooling Type: Wet (Recommended); Packaging: 1pc/heavy-duty box.
    • Applications: Designed for drilling in reinforced concrete (with steel bars) and ultra-hard natural stones. Commonly used in commercial construction (office buildings, bridges) where durability and precision are critical.
    • Advantages: The high-carbon steel matrix with 90% diamond concentration penetrates steel bars in concrete without dulling—unlike standard bits that chip or break. Diamond segmentation (small gaps between segments) flushes debris quickly, reducing friction and overheating. Hilti’s heat treatment process enhances toughness, minimizing breakage risk when hitting steel. This bit drills 30–40 reinforced concrete holes, double the lifespan of competitors.
  3. Hilti Diamond Core Drill Bit DCD 100
    • Specifications: Diameter: 100mm; Overall Length: 350mm; Working Length: 250mm; Shank Type: Threaded (M14); Matrix Material: Tungsten carbide + diamond; Diamond Concentration: 100%; Recommended RPM: 300–800; Applicable Materials: Concrete Walls, Brick Walls, Stone Columns; Cooling Type: Wet (Circulation System); Packaging: 1pc/metal case.
    • Applications: Used for core drilling (removing a cylinder of material) in thick concrete walls for HVAC ducts, plumbing pipes, or electrical conduits. Employed by professional core drilling contractors for large-scale projects.
    • Advantages: 100% diamond concentration ensures fast core drilling (250mm-deep holes in 5–10 minutes), even in thick concrete. The threaded M14 shank connects to Hilti’s core drilling machines, providing stable operation with minimal vibration. The wet circulation system (water flows through the bit) keeps temperatures low and flushes debris, maintaining performance throughout the task. The metal case protects the bit during transport, and Hilti offers a 1-year warranty for professional users.

3.3 DeWalt (USA)

Founded in 1924 and now part of Stanley Black & Decker, DeWalt is a leader in heavy-duty power tools and accessories. Its diamond bits focus on durability and user-friendliness, with technologies like Brazed Diamond Tips (strong bonding) and Anti-Slip Shanks (secure grip). DeWalt serves both professionals and DIYers, with a range of bits for construction, stone processing, and glass drilling.

Flagship Models:

  1. DeWalt DW5470
    • Specifications: Diameter: 12mm; Overall Length: 150mm; Working Length: 90mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (10mm); Matrix Material: Iron-based; Diamond Concentration: 75%; Recommended RPM: 1000–2000; Applicable Materials: Concrete, Brick, Block; Cooling Type: Wet/Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card with a drill guide.
    • Applications: Suitable for drilling holes in concrete blocks (retaining walls) or brick walls (outdoor lighting). Preferred by DIYers and small contractors for affordability and compatibility with most corded/cordless drills.
    • Advantages: The brazed diamond tip prevents tip loss during heavy use, a common issue with cheaper bits. The included drill guide ensures straight holes—critical for anchor installation (crooked holes reduce anchor strength). The hexagonal shank reduces vibration, improving accuracy, and wet/dry cooling works for indoor (dry) and outdoor (wet) projects. Users report this bit lasts 50–70 concrete holes, excellent value for the price.
  2. DeWalt DWA4526
    • Specifications: Diameter: 16mm; Overall Length: 200mm; Working Length: 130mm; Shank Type: Round (10mm); Matrix Material: Copper-iron alloy; Diamond Concentration: 80%; Recommended RPM: 1200–2200; Applicable Materials: Marble, Granite, Quartzite; Cooling Type: Wet; Packaging: 1pc/box.
    • Applications: Used for drilling holes in marble countertops (faucets) or granite slabs (decorative elements). Popular among kitchen/bathroom remodelers who work with natural stone.
    • Advantages: The copper-iron alloy matrix balances flexibility (for marble) and wear resistance (for granite), avoiding chipping in softer stones. The 80% diamond concentration provides fast cutting (16mm granite holes in 2–3 minutes) without sacrificing durability. The round shank fits most variable-speed drills, allowing users to adjust RPM (lower for marble, higher for granite). This bit produces smooth, chip-free holes—critical for visible surfaces like countertops.
  3. DeWalt DW6643
    • Specifications: Diameter: 8mm; Overall Length: 80mm; Working Length: 40mm; Shank Type: Round (5mm); Matrix Material: Pure copper; Diamond Concentration: 40%; Recommended RPM: 500–1000; Applicable Materials: Glass, Porcelain, Ceramic; Cooling Type: Dry (with Lubricant Pad); Packaging: 2pcs/blister card with a lubricant pad.
    • Applications: Designed for drilling holes in porcelain tiles (showerheads) or glass tabletops (umbrella stands). Suitable for home remodelers and hobbyists working with fragile materials.
    • Advantages: Pure copper matrix is extremely soft, preventing cracking in glass/porcelain—unlike iron-based bits that shatter these materials. Low diamond concentration (40%) ensures gentle cutting, reducing chipping. The included lubricant pad (applied to the tip) acts as dry lubricant, eliminating the need for water (which can damage drywall or wood). The 2-pack is cost-effective, and compatibility with standard 手电 drills makes it accessible for home users.

3.4 Makita (Japan)

Makita, founded in 1915, is known for its precision and reliability in power tools. Its diamond bits feature Ultra-Hard Diamond Particles (for long life) and Optimized Flute Design (for debris removal). Makita caters to professionals, with a focus on high-speed drilling and compatibility with its cordless drills.

Flagship Models:

  1. Makita D-74846
    • Specifications: Diameter: 10mm; Overall Length: 100mm; Working Length: 60mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (6mm); Matrix Material: Iron-based; Diamond Concentration: 75%; Recommended RPM: 1500–2500; Applicable Materials: Concrete, Masonry; Cooling Type: Wet/Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Used for general concrete drilling (anchors, electrical) by contractors and DIYers. Compatible with Makita’s 18V cordless drills, popular for portability.
    • Advantages: Ultra-hard diamond particles (HPHT-produced) resist dulling, drilling 80–100 concrete holes. The optimized flute design expels dust quickly, reducing overheating. The hexagonal shank fits securely in Makita’s drill chucks, minimizing vibration. Users praise its performance with cordless drills—maintaining speed even with low battery power.
  2. Makita D-75277
    • Specifications: Diameter: 20mm; Overall Length: 160mm; Working Length: 100mm; Shank Type: Round (SDS-Plus); Matrix Material: Cobalt-iron alloy; Diamond Concentration: 85%; Recommended RPM: 1000–2000; Applicable Materials: Reinforced Concrete, Granite; Cooling Type: Wet; Packaging: 1pc/box.
    • Applications: Heavy-duty drilling in reinforced concrete (foundations) or granite (countertops) by professional contractors.
    • Advantages: Cobalt-iron matrix withstands impacts from steel bars, while 85% diamond concentration ensures fast cutting. SDS-Plus shank enables quick changes, and wet cooling extends lifespan to 40–50 reinforced concrete holes. Makita’s precision machining ensures accurate hole placement—critical for structural projects.
  3. Makita D-74851
    • Specifications: Diameter: 6mm; Overall Length: 65mm; Working Length: 35mm; Shank Type: Round (3mm); Matrix Material: Copper-based; Diamond Concentration: 50%; Recommended RPM: 500–1200; Applicable Materials: Glass, Ceramic; Cooling Type: Dry; Packaging: 2pcs/blister card.
    • Applications: DIY glass/ceramic drilling (tile mounting, crafts) by home users.
    • Advantages: Copper matrix prevents cracking, and 50% diamond concentration provides gentle cutting. Dry cooling is convenient for indoor use, and the 2-pack offers value. Compatible with Makita’s cordless 手电 drills, making it easy to use for hobbyists.

3.5 Milwaukee (USA)

Milwaukee Tool, founded in 1924, specializes in heavy-duty tools for professionals. Its diamond bits feature Red Helix Technology (for faster drilling) and Shockwave Resistance (for impact durability). Milwaukee focuses on construction and industrial applications, with bits designed for tough environments.

Flagship Models:

  1. Milwaukee 48-89-0060
    • Specifications: Diameter: 6mm; Overall Length: 70mm; Working Length: 40mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (6mm); Matrix Material: Iron-based; Diamond Concentration: 70%; Recommended RPM: 1200–2200; Applicable Materials: Concrete, Brick; Cooling Type: Wet/Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Small concrete holes (anchors, screws) by electricians and carpenters. Compatible with Milwaukee’s M18 cordless drills.
    • Advantages: Red Helix flutes speed up debris removal, reducing drilling time by 20%. Iron-based matrix resists wear, drilling 60–80 concrete holes. Hexagonal shank prevents slipping, and wet/dry cooling works for all environments.
  2. Milwaukee 48-89-0120
    • Specifications: Diameter: 12mm; Overall Length: 150mm; Working Length: 90mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (10mm); Matrix Material: Cobalt-iron alloy; Diamond Concentration: 80%; Recommended RPM: 1000–2000; Applicable Materials: Reinforced Concrete, Stone; Cooling Type: Wet; Packaging: 1pc/box.
    • Applications: Medium-sized holes in reinforced concrete (pipes, electrical) by construction contractors.
    • Advantages: Shockwave Resistance technology handles impacts from steel bars, minimizing breakage. 80% diamond concentration ensures fast cutting, and wet cooling extends lifespan to 30–40 reinforced concrete holes. Users report this bit outperforms competitors in heavy use.
  3. Milwaukee 48-89-1000
    • Specifications: Diameter: 100mm; Overall Length: 350mm; Working Length: 250mm; Shank Type: Threaded (M14); Matrix Material: Tungsten carbide + diamond; Diamond Concentration: 100%; Recommended RPM: 300–800; Applicable Materials: Concrete Walls, Core Sampling; Cooling Type: Wet (Circulation); Packaging: 1pc/metal case.
    • Applications: Core drilling in thick concrete walls (HVAC, plumbing) by professional core drillers.
    • Advantages: 100% diamond concentration and tungsten carbide matrix enable deep, fast core drilling. Threaded shank fits Milwaukee’s core machines, and wet circulation keeps the bit cool. Durable enough for commercial projects, with a lifespan of 20–30 core holes.

3.6 Ridgid (USA)

Ridgid, established in 1923, is known for affordable, reliable tools for DIYers and professionals. Its diamond bits feature Carbide-Reinforced Matrices (for wear resistance) and Universal Shanks (compatibility with most drills). Ridgid offers a range of bits for home renovation and light construction.

Flagship Models:

  1. Ridgid R2200
    • Specifications: Diameter: 8mm; Overall Length: 85mm; Working Length: 45mm; Shank Type: Round (3mm); Matrix Material: Iron-based; Diamond Concentration: 70%; Recommended RPM: 1200–2200; Applicable Materials: Concrete, Brick; Cooling Type: Wet/Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Small concrete holes (anchors, picture hangers) by DIYers. Compatible with most standard 手电 drills.
    • Advantages: Carbide reinforcement adds wear resistance, drilling 50–60 concrete holes. Universal shank fits any drill chuck, and wet/dry cooling is flexible. Affordable price makes it ideal for occasional use.
  2. Ridgid R2212
    • Specifications: Diameter: 12mm; Overall Length: 150mm; Working Length: 90mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (6mm); Matrix Material: Cobalt-iron alloy; Diamond Concentration: 75%; Recommended RPM: 1000–2000; Applicable Materials: Reinforced Concrete, Stone; Cooling Type: Wet; Packaging: 1pc/box.
    • Applications: Medium holes in reinforced concrete (electrical, plumbing) by small contractors.
    • Advantages: Cobalt-iron matrix handles steel bars, and 75% diamond concentration balances speed and durability. Hexagonal shank prevents slipping, and wet cooling extends lifespan. Good value for professional-grade performance.
  3. Ridgid R2206
    • Specifications: Diameter: 6mm; Overall Length: 65mm; Working Length: 30mm; Shank Type: Round (3mm); Matrix Material: Copper-based; Diamond Concentration: 50%; Recommended RPM: 500–1200; Applicable Materials: Glass, Ceramic; Cooling Type: Dry; Packaging: 2pcs/blister card.
    • Applications: Glass/ceramic drilling (tile mounting, crafts) by home users.
    • Advantages: Copper matrix prevents cracking, and 50% diamond concentration provides gentle cutting. 2-pack offers value, and dry cooling is convenient for indoor use. Easy to use for beginners.

3.7 Irwin (USA)

Irwin Tools, founded in 1885, is a trusted brand for cutting tools, including diamond bits. Its bits feature Turbo Diamond Segments (for fast cutting) and Ergonomic Shanks (comfort). Irwin caters to DIYers and professionals, with a focus on glass, ceramic, and concrete drilling.

Flagship Models:

  1. Irwin Glass Drill Bit 8
    • Specifications: Diameter: 8mm; Overall Length: 80mm; Working Length: 40mm; Shank Type: Round (5mm); Matrix Material: Copper-based; Diamond Concentration: 50%; Recommended RPM: 500–1000; Applicable Materials: Glass, Ceramic; Cooling Type: Wet; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Glass drilling (tabletops, vases) and ceramic tile holes (showerheads) by DIYers and hobbyists.
    • Advantages: Turbo segments speed up cutting, drilling 8mm glass holes in 1–2 minutes. Copper matrix prevents cracking, and wet cooling keeps the bit cool. Ergonomic shank is easy to grip, reducing hand fatigue.
  2. Irwin Concrete Drill Bit 10
    • Specifications: Diameter: 10mm; Overall Length: 100mm; Working Length: 60mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (6mm); Matrix Material: Iron-based; Diamond Concentration: 75%; Recommended RPM: 1500–2500; Applicable Materials: Concrete, Brick; Cooling Type: Wet/Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Concrete holes (anchors, shelves) by DIYers and professionals.
    • Advantages: Iron-based matrix resists wear, drilling 60–70 concrete holes. Turbo segments improve debris removal, and hexagonal shank prevents slipping. Wet/dry cooling is flexible for all projects.
  3. Irwin Stone Drill Bit 16
    • Specifications: Diameter: 16mm; Overall Length: 200mm; Working Length: 130mm; Shank Type: Round (10mm); Matrix Material: Copper-iron alloy; Diamond Concentration: 80%; Recommended RPM: 1200–2200; Applicable Materials: Granite, Marble; Cooling Type: Wet; Packaging: 1pc/box.
    • Applications: Stone processing (countertops, slabs) by remodelers.
    • Advantages: Copper-iron matrix avoids chipping, and 80% diamond concentration provides fast cutting. Turbo segments flush debris, and wet cooling extends lifespan. Produces smooth holes for visible surfaces.

3.8 Diablo (USA)

Diablo, a division of Freud Tools, specializes in high-performance cutting tools. Its diamond bits feature Perma-Shield Coating (for rust resistance) and High-Density Diamond (for long life). Diablo focuses on professional stone processing and construction.

Flagship Models:

  1. Diablo DBD06100
    • Specifications: Diameter: 6mm; Overall Length: 65mm; Working Length: 30mm; Shank Type: Round (3mm); Matrix Material: Copper-based; Diamond Concentration: 50%; Recommended RPM: 500–1200; Applicable Materials: Glass, Ceramic; Cooling Type: Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Glass/ceramic drilling (tile, crafts) by DIYers.
    • Advantages: Perma-Shield coating prevents rust, and high-density diamond ensures durability. Copper matrix prevents cracking, and dry cooling is convenient. Affordable for occasional use.
  2. Diablo DBD12150
    • Specifications: Diameter: 12mm; Overall Length: 150mm; Working Length: 90mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (6mm); Matrix Material: Iron-based; Diamond Concentration: 75%; Recommended RPM: 1000–2000; Applicable Materials: Concrete, Stone; Cooling Type: Wet/Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Concrete drilling (electrical, plumbing) by professionals.
    • Advantages: High-density diamond drills 70–80 concrete holes, and Perma-Shield coating resists corrosion. Hexagonal shank prevents slipping, and wet/dry cooling is flexible. Fast cutting speed saves time on projects.
  3. Diablo DBD20200
    • Specifications: Diameter: 20mm; Overall Length: 200mm; Working Length: 130mm; Shank Type: Round (SDS-Plus); Matrix Material: Cobalt-iron alloy; Diamond Concentration: 85%; Recommended RPM: 800–1800; Applicable Materials: Reinforced Concrete, Granite; Cooling Type: Wet; Packaging: 1pc/box.
    • Applications: Heavy-duty drilling (foundations, countertops) by contractors.
    • Advantages: Cobalt-iron matrix handles steel bars, and 85% diamond concentration ensures fast cutting. Perma-Shield coating extends lifespan, and SDS-Plus shank enables quick changes. Wet cooling reduces overheating, making it ideal for long projects.

3.9 Freud (Italy)

Freud, founded in 1950, is a global leader in precision cutting tools. Its diamond bits feature Premium CVD Diamonds (for smooth cuts) and Precision Ground Matrices (for accuracy). Freud focuses on high-end stone processing and precision manufacturing.

Flagship Models:

  1. Freud FBGD06
    • Specifications: Diameter: 6mm; Overall Length: 65mm; Working Length: 30mm; Shank Type: Round (3mm); Matrix Material: Copper-based; Diamond Concentration: 50%; Recommended RPM: 500–1200; Applicable Materials: Glass, Ceramic; Cooling Type: Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Precision glass/ceramic drilling (electronics, crafts) by hobbyists and manufacturers.
    • Advantages: Premium CVD diamonds provide smooth cuts, and copper matrix prevents cracking. Precision ground matrix ensures accurate hole placement. Dry cooling is safe for sensitive electronics.
  2. Freud FBCD12
    • Specifications: Diameter: 12mm; Overall Length: 150mm; Working Length: 90mm; Shank Type: Hexagonal (6mm); Matrix Material: Iron-based; Diamond Concentration: 75%; Recommended RPM: 1000–2000; Applicable Materials: Concrete, Stone; Cooling Type: Wet/Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Precision concrete drilling (structural projects) by engineers.
    • Advantages: Precision ground matrix ensures hole accuracy (±0.1mm), critical for structural anchors. Iron-based matrix resists wear, and 75% diamond concentration balances speed and durability. Wet/dry cooling works for all environments.
  3. Freud FBSD16
    • Specifications: Diameter: 16mm; Overall Length: 200mm; Working Length: 130mm; Shank Type: Round (10mm); Matrix Material: Copper-iron alloy; Diamond Concentration: 80%; Recommended RPM: 1200–2200; Applicable Materials: Granite, Marble; Cooling Type: Wet; Packaging: 1pc/box.
    • Applications: High-end stone processing (luxury countertops) by professional stonemasons.
    • Advantages: Premium CVD diamonds produce mirror-smooth holes, ideal for luxury projects. Copper-iron matrix avoids chipping, and 80% diamond concentration ensures fast cutting. Precision machining ensures consistent performance, making it a top choice for high-end clients.

Detailed view of spiral metal drill bits used in precision machining and metalworking.

3.10 Dremel (USA)

Dremel, founded in 1932, is a leading brand for rotary tools and accessories, including small-diameter diamond bits. Its bits feature Plated Diamond Technology (for precision) and Small Profiles (for tiny holes). Dremel caters to hobbyists and DIYers, with a focus on glass, ceramic, and craft projects.

Flagship Models:

  1. Dremel 561
    • Specifications: Diameter: 3mm; Overall Length: 40mm; Working Length: 15mm; Shank Type: Round (3mm); Matrix Material: Plated diamond; Diamond Concentration: 40%; Recommended RPM: 500–1500; Applicable Materials: Glass, Ceramic, Plastic; Cooling Type: Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Tiny holes in glass (jewelry, crafts) or ceramic (mini tiles) by hobbyists. Compatible with Dremel rotary tools.
    • Advantages: Plated diamond provides precision, drilling 3mm holes in glass without cracking. Small profile fits tight spaces, and dry cooling is convenient for crafts. Easy to use for beginners, making it a top choice for hobby projects.
  2. Dremel 562
    • Specifications: Diameter: 6mm; Overall Length: 50mm; Working Length: 25mm; Shank Type: Round (3mm); Matrix Material: Plated diamond; Diamond Concentration: 50%; Recommended RPM: 500–1200; Applicable Materials: Glass, Ceramic; Cooling Type: Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Small holes in glass (vases, candle holders) by DIYers.
    • Advantages: Plated diamond ensures smooth cuts, and 50% concentration provides gentle cutting. Small overall length (50mm) is easy to control, reducing hand fatigue. Compatible with all Dremel rotary tools, making it accessible for existing Dremel users.
  3. Dremel 563
    • Specifications: Diameter: 10mm; Overall Length: 60mm; Working Length: 35mm; Shank Type: Round (3mm); Matrix Material: Plated diamond; Diamond Concentration: 60%; Recommended RPM: 800–1500; Applicable Materials: Glass, Ceramic, Stone; Cooling Type: Dry; Packaging: 1pc/blister card.
    • Applications: Larger craft holes (glass tabletops, ceramic plaques) by hobbyists.
    • Advantages: Plated diamond handles small stone projects, and 60% concentration balances speed and precision. Longer working length (35mm) allows deeper holes, and dry cooling is safe for crafts. Easy to attach to Dremel tools, making it a versatile addition to any craft kit.

4. Summary

Diamond drill bits are essential tools for drilling hard, brittle materials, with specifications, models, and brands tailored to diverse applications. Understanding size (diameter, length), material (diamond type, matrix), structure (impregnated, surface-set), and performance (RPM, cooling) specifications is critical for selecting the right bit. Model classifications by application—construction, geological exploration, stone processing, and glass/ceramic—simplify selection, ensuring compatibility with specific tasks.
Leading brands like Bosch, Hilti, and DeWalt offer specialized models with unique technologies (Sintered Diamond, Laser Welding) to meet professional demands, while brands like Dremel and Ridgid provide affordable options for DIYers. Each model’s specifications, from diamond concentration to matrix material, directly impact its efficiency and lifespan, making it essential to match the bit to the material and task at hand.
By leveraging this guide, users can confidently select diamond drill bits that balance performance, durability, and cost, ensuring successful outcomes in construction, renovation, exploration, or craft projects.

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